The Use of Metal Alloys in Modern Dentistry is No Longer Needed
In dentistry, we focus on enhancing overall health, not just oral health, while providing more functional and aesthetic treatments. A key aspect of this approach involves examining the use of metals and their alloys, which have long been the standard in prosthetic rehabilitation. Despite their advantages, such as durability and wear resistance, there is growing awareness of their harmful effects on health. In this brief text, we will explore why metals can be harmful and discuss modern alternatives.
Biological and Health-Adverse Effects of Metal Use:
One of the main concerns regarding the use of metals in dentistry is their biocompatibility. Metal alloys often contain nickel, chromium, cobalt, or other metals that can lead to various health issues. Nickel, for example, is known for its allergenic nature. A study published in the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry found that nickel is a common cause of contact dermatitis in individuals who have alloys containing this element in their mouths.
Cobalt and chromium, which are also present in dental alloys, can cause systemic issues even at lower concentrations. Research has shown that prolonged exposure to cobalt can lead to organ damage, such as to the liver and kidneys, while chromium may contribute to the development of various types of cancer. These alloys can also release metal ions into the oral cavity, potentially causing local inflammatory reactions and other complications.
The Harmfulness of Dental Amalgam: Dental amalgam, primarily composed of mercury, was long the standard material for fillings due to its ease of use, durability, and low cost. The history of dental amalgam dates back to the 19th century, when it began to be used for these properties. Amalgam consists of approximately 50% mercury, with silver, tin, and zinc providing strength and durability. Despite its widespread use and long tradition, there is growing awareness today of the safety concerns and health effects associated with mercury released from such restorations.
Biological and Health-Adverse Effects of Metal Use
One of the biggest concerns with dental amalgam is the presence of mercury. Mercury is a known toxin that can cause various health issues, primarily due to its accumulation in the body. When an amalgam filling is stressed during chewing, mercury is released. Research has shown that chronic exposure to mercury can increase the risk of neurological issues, including disturbances in nervous system function and cognitive abilities. According to a study published in Environmental Health Perspectives, long-term exposure to mercury may be linked to kidney dysfunction and respiratory diseases. There are numerous studies on this topic, so explore online resources to see for yourself.
Aesthetic Challenges and Impact on Quality of Life
Aesthetic aspects are also important when considering the use of dental amalgam. Amalgam has a dark gray or blackish appearance, which can affect the look of a smile and, consequently, a person’s confidence.
Modern materials, such as white composites and ceramics, offer more aesthetically pleasing solutions. Ormocer materials and bioceramics can fully match the color of your natural teeth, allowing for a more natural appearance. Numerous studies confirm that a well-maintained smile holds social value; for example, people are often perceived as more intelligent during job interviews if they have an attractive smile.
Long-Term Durability and Functional Advantages
Despite certain advantages, such as durability and wear resistance, the long-term resilience of dental amalgam can be compromised due to its tendency to crack and wear down, as well as to contribute to secondary tooth decay.
Modern materials, such as bioceramics and advanced composite ormocer materials, offer greater durability without risks to overall health. These materials are resistant to long-term wear and provide better aesthetic results without the risk of biological reactions.
Alternative Materials in Modern Dentistry
With advances in science and technology, dentistry increasingly utilizes materials that provide both biocompatibility and aesthetics. Even among these, there are differences, especially among “white” composite materials. We are committed to materials that do not contain monomers, which can act as endocrine disruptors, while also offering suitable physical and chemical properties for long-term durability. In addition to composite resins, we recommend bioceramic materials. These provide excellent aesthetic results and the best durability of all options, while also being bioinert and biocompatible. Initially a more expensive option, it proves to be the most cost-effective in the long run.
Concluding Remarks
While metals and their alloys have long been the gold standard in dentistry, advancements in science and technology are raising increasing concerns about their potential harm. Mercury in dental amalgam is particularly problematic due to its potentially harmful health effects. Biological reactions, aesthetic drawbacks, and long-term durability are key factors influencing the use of these materials. Alternative materials, such as bioceramics and composite resins, offer improved properties and represent an even better solution. Shifting towards biocompatible and aesthetic materials enhances both your health and quality of life.
SOURCES
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- Alina Vaicelyte, Christine Janssen, Marc Le Borgne and Brigitte Grosgogeat, Cobalt–Chromium Dental Alloys: Metal Exposures, Toxicological Risks, CMR Classification, and EU Regulatory Framework, December 2020, Crystals 10(12):1151, DOI:10.3390/cryst10121151
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